Does triple helix collaboration matter for the early internationalisation of technology-based firms in emerging Economies?

Firms' early internationalisation (EI) is a complex process derived from uncertain market conditions, entrepreneurial vision, and strategic entry decisions. Academic debates still require deepening broadening the discussion on of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). This study proposes framework to analyse how NTBFs are adopting collaborative networks with triple helix actors (government, university, industry) implement an EI strategy in emerging economies. Our findings show that lack specialised knowledge resources stimulates collaboration multiple agents ensure into international markets. We state relevant implications propositions concerning relationship stakeholders.